Photovoltaic system generates electricity by the direct conversion of the sun's energy and it is a modular system because it is built out of several pieces of elements. The theoretical studies of PV and modeling techniques using equivalent electric circuits carried out and the characteristics of PV cell have been investigated.
Iraqi marshes were considered the largest wetland in the Middle East and characterized by varied environment (such as river, lakes and vegetation covers). During the last decades the Iraqi marshes subjected to many artificial and natural changes. These changes have impacts on its ecosystem (land cover, vegetation and aquatic environment).The aim of this study is detect environmental changes in the Iraqi
Multispectral satellite images are holding whole information about the area under investigation. Many of digital processing techniques are used to extract most of the possible information from these images, such these techniques are spectral band ratios, Tasseled Cap transformation and Principle Component Analysis (PCA).
