PhD

Male reproductive function in general population had attracted increasing attention, due to reports suggesting that the occurrence of several biological problems affecting male genital tract, have increased during the last 50 years, including apparent decline in semen quality in different regions of the world. Such events have been linked to wide spread use of different types of chemicals. Lead, the heavy metal, is one of the major environmental pollutants, and is considered as one of the most significant reproductive toxicants.