M.Sc.

 Throughput increase by drag-reducing additives offers a suitable quick solution to meet increased demand by pipelining of oil or water which arises either permanently or seasonally. This has placed increased emphasis upon studies directed towards preparing efficient solutions of drag- reducer additives. Commercially available polyisobutylenes (Oppanol B types) of three different high molecular weights in addition to water soluble carboxymethylcellouse were chosen for the investigation.

The aim of this research is to study the effect of rheological properties ,concentrations of non-Newtonian fluids, particle shape, size and the density difference between particle and fluid on drag coefficient (C) and settling velocity (VS), also this study show the effect drag coefficient (C)and Reynolds' number (Re) relationship and the effect of rheological properties on this relationship.P An experimental apparatus was designed and built, which consists of Perspex pipe of length of 160 cm. and inside diameter of 7.8 cm.

Prediction of accurate values of enthalpy (H) or enthalpy departure (H ) for gases is very important in process design calculations and other industrial applications.Experimental measurements of enthalpy or enthalpy departure for superheated vapor are not easy to perform.