Recent developments in wireless sensor network fields allow it to be suitable for sensing specified parameter(s) related to a certain environment. Routing the data wirelessly in energy efficient manner is the main task of network layer, thus, clustering routing scheme is one of the most efficient techniques for WSN for achieving this requirement.
In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), many sensor nodes which have limited energy sense the environment and relay their packets to the sink node by multi-hop routing. Thus, the nodes closest to the sink consume more energy than the other nodes and this ends up their lifetime early, which affect the overall network lifetime. Among several techniques of improving the performance of a WSN, the controlled mobility technique is commonly used for some of the network nodes and considered as one of the most important.
Networks authentication is a very important security issue. The classical authentication methods (token-based and knowledge-based) suffer from drawbacks like; stealing, forgotten and guessing, these drawbacks lead to the use of “biometric authentication”. Fingerprint is one of the important physiological biometric types which has sufficient uniqueness to distinguish among persons and led to use in several security applications.
