The study aimed To find factors influence iron supplementation compliance and their impact on mother's health and on neonate. Across sectional study was conducted in Saddam University Hospital, 500 pregnant newly delivered women (within 24 hours after delivery) who were attending obstetric word in the same hospital, during the period between the 1st of October 2001 to the 31st of April 2002. A questionnaire form was filled by direct interview, determination of anthropoemetric measurements (height, weight and mid arm circumference) and hematological measurements (hemoglobin and packed cell volume) of mother were done. In addition, determination of weight of placenta and for newborn; (crown hell length, occipitofrontal circumference, weight and Apgar score were done. The study showed that the middle the age of pregnant women and husband seems to be associated with the compliance status with iron supplementation, and the older the age at marriage the better the compliance, but this fact was not applied to the occupation of mother, in opposite to the occupation of husband were significantly association with the compliance status. The higher education of both the mother and husband the better comply, and lose who living in urban also better compliance status than those of rural area, Visiting the health center for any reason either first,-last visit or vaccination all play role in improve the compliance status, the higher socioeconomic status the better compliance. Women with daily regular intake of iron have normal weight of placenta. This study shows statistical significant relation between Apgar score at 1,5,10 minute and iron supplementation compliance as well as for weight of neonate but not for crown heel length and occipitofrontal circumference. Also there's significant relationship with weight of mother, hemoglobin and packed cell volume pregnant mother