Thesis

Several semi-empirical modified equations for the pore size and porosity had been suggested depending on the parameters affecting them for sphere particles of mono, binary and ternary packing systems. The parameters affecting the pore size were found to be the particle diameter, the porosity of the bed and the permeability to fluid flow. The parameters affecting the porosity in the packed bed of sphere packing are the particle and bed diameters. Several types of packing materials with different sizes have been used in the packed bed, and each had been studied separately.

Carboxy methyl cellulose, two anionic surfactants, Sodium stearate,Sodium lauryl sulfate and suspended clay as drag reducers have been investigated in this work, to reduce the frictional resistance and to save pumping power for turbulent pipe flow. The turbulent mode was produced via a positive displacement gear pump to avoid mechanical degradation of additives chains during the experimental period.

        The prediction of accurate values of saturated enthalpy of vapor is very important in process design calculations and other industrial applications. Experimental measurements of saturated enthalpy of vapor are not easy to perform. So in order to obtain accurate saturated enthalpy of vapor, attention has been turned to calculate them using equations of state.

 Two types of synthetic crystalline zeolites have been used as supports for noble-metal catalysts, namely HZSM-5 and H-Mordenite with SiO ratios of 90 and 40 respectively. The cations, Barium and Strontium zeolite forms were prepared by twice repeated ion-exchange with appropriate chloride solution of 3 normality at pH 7.2 and 50oC. The modified zeolites were dried at 110oC and calcined at 450o C by step wise temperature increase. The ion-exchange by strontium was more effective than by Barium cation. While the ability of H-replacement at HMOR was higher than in case of HZSM-5.