Pathological effect of Trichothecenes(T-2 toxin) produced by Fusarium oxysporum on liver and kidneys of mice

Trichothecenes are natural secondary metabolite produced by several species of Fusarium and some other genera in different agricultural commodities. Causing economic losses and health hazard to human and farm animals.This investigation was planned to isolate F. oxysporum from maize, produce trichothecenes, estimate the quantity of toxin and then study some morphological, biochemical and histopathological changes induced in mice due to trichothecenes mycotoxicosis.The results are summarized as following:

F. oxysporum was isolated from maize and identified according to practical guide, marked as F. oxysporum nr 1.                                                                                   

1. F. oxysporum nr.1 was proved to be trichothecenes producer on potato dextrose broth. The amount of trichothecenes produced by this isolate was 750 ppb as estimated by scanning densitometer.
2. The intraperitoneal injection of trichothecenes to mice caused pathological signs of marked increase in body weight, dyspanea, shivering, bristling up of hair, hair falling, anomalies of eyes and irritation around neck.
3. Other signs of toxicoses caused by trichothecenes are abdominal hemorrhage and clot accumulation in abdomen. In addition to inclusion (retention) cyst forms on liver.
4. The biochemical study on liver and kidney function by measuring GPT and GOT enzymes level and blood urea level, showed an increase in GPT and GOT enzymes level and blood urea level in treated animal in comparison with control animal which indicating abnormal function of liver and kidney failure.  
5. The histopathological study on liver and kidney by using light microscope on treated animals with trichothecenes for 35 days of treatments revealed many alterations in liver which includes congestion, kupffer cells hyperplasia, dilated sinusoids and mononuclear cells infiltration around the portal area while in kidney includes congestion, degenerative changes of glomeruli and tubules, necrosis of tubules and slightly in glomeruli in addition to mononuclear cells infiltration.