Chamomile has been used medicinally for thousands of years, and is widely used in Europe. It is a popular treatment for numerous aliments, including sleep disorders, anxiety, indigestion, skin infections such as eczema, wound healing, infantile colic, and teething pains and eye infection (Hewitt, 2001). German chamomile and Roman chamomile are the two major types of chamomile. They are believed to have similar effect on the body, although German chamomile may be slightly stronger. Extracts of Roman chamomile showed antitumor activity, and extracts of German chamomile contain several antibacterial, antifungal and antiseptic properties. It is used against different types of bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Micrococcus spp. and Pseudomonas aeriginosa. Both types of chamomile contain minute amounts of a blue oil (azulene). This oil has neutralizing abilities on the toxins produced by various bacteria and therefore, assists in the healing process of wounds (Hewitt, 2001).
The production of secondary metabolites in vitro is possible through plant tissue culture. In vitro study holds a potential for the production of high-quality plant based medicines. This can be achieved through different methods including micropropagation of cell lines which are capable of producing high yield of secondary compounds. The accumulation of secondary products in plant cell cultures depends on many factors including the composition of the culture medium and environmental conditions (Murch et al., 2000).
Although chamomile is widely used, there is not enough reliable research in humans to support its use for many conditions. Despite its reputation as gentle medicinal plant, chamomile-tea helps in reducing the swelling and redness of eyes, and reduces inflammations, which are two common eye problems. Chamomile is also used in beauty products to make skin looks smoother and less puffy (Smith, 2006).
