CD10 & CA19.9 immunohistochemical expression in transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder (A clinicopathological study)

Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder is the most common tumor affecting the urinary bladder and is the 7th most common tumor worldwide, ranking the 5th most common cancer in males and the 9th most common cancer in females in Iraq, moreover, urothelial carcinoma of the bladder is one of the most common 10 tumors causing death worldwide. Very limited studies had been done about the role of (CA19.9 and CD10) in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. The present study has used the 2004 WHO grading system of urothelial carcinoma and the AJCC/UICC T staging system of the urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.
The aim of the study: Is to evaluate CD10 & CA19.9 immunohistochemical expression in transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder and to correlate this expression with various histopathological parameters including grade and stage. Samples, Materials, and Methods: The study is a retrospective one in which a total of forty nine formalin fixed paraffin embedded cystoscopy specimens from patients with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder were retrieved from the archival materials of the specialized surgical hospital & Al-Kadhymiah teaching hospital, covering the period from January 2010 to June 2011.The histopathological diagnosis had been revised and all cases were stained by immunohistochemical technique with CA19.9 and CD10 tumour markers. Values were considered statistically significant when P<0.05. Results: Immunohistochemical expression of CA19.9 and CD10 revealed that there was no significant correlation between the expressions of these markers with the age, gender or tumor size (P value > 0.05). There was a significant correlation between the immunohistochemical expression of CA19.9 (P value 0.021) and CD10 (P value 0.003) with the WHO 2004 grading system of urothelial carcinoma. Regarding CA19.9 and CD10 immunohistochemical expression with the AJCC/UICC T staging system of urothelial carcinoma revealed that there was no significant correlation between both (CA19.9 and CD10) and the stage (P value > 0.05).
Conclusions: A significant correlation was found between immunohistochemical expression of CA19.9 and the WHO 2004 grading system of urothelial carcinoma, thus CA19.9 as a marker can be used to aid in assessing low grade urothelial tumors in controversial cases in which the decision between low and high grade urothelial tumors is crucial. CD10 immunohistochemical expression was significantly correlated with WHO 2004 grading system of urothelial carcinoma; hence, CD10 can be used in the assessment of controversial high grade urothelial tumors.