Estrogens are a group of steroid hormones that play a principal role in protection of the cardiovascular system, the maintenance of the bones, and the sexual differentiation of the brain and in modulating the regulation of the autonomic and reproductive neuroendocrine system, mood and cognition. Changes in estrogen level in different physiological and pathological situations are associated with corresponding health consequences, predominately the increased cardiovascular disease susceptibility. Menopause – associated decline in the Estradiol level is associated with a pro-atherogenic lipid profile, characterized principally by lower HDL-C, higher LDL-C and VLDL-C levels. Materials and methods: The study was conducted during the period from July 2008 until the midst of January 2009. There were seventy six premenopausal women aged between (20-45) years, were selected at Al Kadhimia Teaching Hospital to participate in this study. The study excluded patients with previous history of cardiac, renal, hepatic diseases or hormonal disturbances. Other exclusion criteria included: pregnancy, breast feeding, acute infections and blood diseases. The participants were asked to fast twelve hours before measuring their lipid profile. Body Mass Index, Serum lipid profile parameters (total cholesterol, high density lipoproteins "HDL-C" , low density lipoproteins " LDL-C" , Triglycerides and very low density lipoprotein "VLDL-C"), serum estradiol level, fasting blood sugar, blood urea and serum creatinine, were measured. Results: Our data showed that there was a direct association between serum Estradiol level and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and an inverse one between serum Estradiol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC). In this study, there was no relationship between BMI and lipid profile parameters at (P < 0.05) as the lowest limit of significance. Conclusions: a. The association between serum estradiol level and serum total cholesterol was found to be significantly negative. A similar association was found between serum estradiol and LDL-C. In addition, the association between serum estradiol level and HDL-C was found to be significantly positive, this may explain why the premenopausal women are at a lower risk of cardiovascular diseases as compared with the postmenopausal women. b. There was no significant correlation between BMI and lipid profile components, or between BMI and serum Estradiol level