Background
Thyroid gland is an endocrine gland, and consist of two connected lobes. It is found at the front of the neck, below the Adam's apple. The thyroid gland release thyroid hormones, which influence the metabolic rate,protein synthesis, and have a wide range of other effects. The thyroid hormones T3 and T4 are synthesized from iodine and tyrosine. The thyroid also produces calcitonin, which plays a role in calcium homeostasis.Ginger (Zingiber officinale) has many medicinal properties besides being highly used as a flavouring agent all over the world. It can be widely used in alleviating many diseases of humans and animals.Ginger has many medical properties like a used it as anti-bacterial,anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-angiogenic addition to effect it on arthritis, diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease. Recently, nanoparticle synthesis is among the most interesting scientific areas of inquiry and there is growing attention to produce nanoparticles using environmentally friendly methods (green hemistry),Silver nanoparticles are of interest because of the unique properties.
Aims of study:
Trying to treatment the patients with thyroid cancer by herb (ginger) and knowledge the effect of thyroid cancer on kidney,liver function and level of glucose in blood by doing this steps:1- Study the changes in levels of thyroid hormones (T3, T4, and TSH),kidney function (Urea, Creatinine), liver function (ALT, AST) and random blood Glucose RBG in patients with thyroid cancer 2- Study the effect of ginger in vitro in papillary thyroid cancer cells line (PTC-1) and explore the antioxidant activity in vivo in mice.3- Prepare the ginger nanoparticles and study the properties of GNPs and its effect on papillary thyroid cancer cells line.
Subjects and methods:
This study included fifty thyroid patients female their age less than 45year (group 1) and fifty thyroid patient’s male with all ages (Group 3).Fifty female subjects were apparently healthy and their age less than
45year chosen as control group (group2) and Fifty male subjects were apparently healthy chosen as control group(group 4) . This study was conducted during the period from November 2015 to January 2016.
Part one: The study was designed to investigate the change of the following parameters in serum of thyroid cancer patients:
1. Biochemical markers: Kidney Function (Urea, Creatinine), Liver Function (AST, ALT) and Random Blood Glucose (RBG) were measured by enzymatic colorimetric methods.2. Hormones: thyroid hormones (Total triiodothyrionin T3, Total thyroxine T4, Thyrotropin (TSH)). The measurements done by use Biotek (ELISA).
Part two: the study was planned to investigate the ginger properties through study:
1. Extracted ginger with six organic solvent and once with water .the extracts were analyzed by FT-IR.2. Determined the biological activity (antibacterial and antifungal) 3. Determined cytotoxicity for the best extract with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC-1).4. Study the antioxidant in vivo in mice with three parameters malondialdehyde (MDA), SOD activity and catalase enzyme.Part three: in this study ginger nanoparticles were synthesized from aqueous extract of ginger and were studied ginger nanoparticle (GNPs) properties:1. The ginger nanoparticles were measured by UV-Vis spectra and compared with aqueous extract.2. The ginger nanoparticles were analyzed by FT-IR, AFM, SEM,XRD and TEM.3. Biological activity (antibacterial, antifungal) for ginger nanoparticles were measured.4. Cytotoxic activity of ginger nanoparticles was determined.
