Study of Some Sex Hormones as a monitor for Type II Diabetic premenopausal Women

     Diabetes mellitus is a disease that affects the metabolic and hormonal status of the human body, and one of these may be the level of sex hormones. The effect may vary according to the duration of disease, degree of control and the age of the patients.This study was conducted in the specialized Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes (SCED) in Baghdad city near alkindy hospital from December
2013 to September 2014. Two Hundred premenopausal women (3049)years during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle were selected, half of them were diabetic type II and the other half were healthy women.This study was a comparative cross sectional type designed to assess the correlation of sex hormones (Free testosterone,Estradiol, Progesterone, LH,FSH)and HbA1c levels (degree of control
of diabetes), age of patients  and duration of diabetes, using the data that collected. Patients assessed for FBG by (Enzymatic Colorimetric method), HbA1C by (Immunoturbidimetric test according DCCT/NSGP protocol),free testosterone was measured by (ELISA),(FSH, LH, Progesterone, Estradiol)using the ELFA technique (Vidas). Results showed that FBG, HbA1c, free testosterone, LH,  FSH  were
significantly higher,while progesterone and estradiol were significantly lower in type II diabetic women compared with healthy individuals, also free testosterone, FSH levels were significantly increased in women aged (38-49) years, while progesterone and estradiol were significantly decreased. As regards to LH the level increased, but the increment was statistically insignificant. In addition free testosterone and FSH levels were affected by the degree of glycemic control, i.e. in poor glycemic control free testosterone and FSH were significantly increased while estradiol and progesterone significantly decreased, also LH was increased but statistically was insignificant.With increase duration of disease, there was an increase of free testosterone and FSH levels. In addition, there was an insignificant increase of LH level. Progesterone and estradiol levels were decreased with increased duration of diabetes mellitus. In conclusion, we found that there is a significant relation between sex hormones and glycemic control,  age,and duration of diabetes mellitus in premenopausal women affected by diabetes mellitus type II.