The Role of Oxidative Stress and Some Biochemical Aspects in Patients with Type Π Diabetic Nephropathy

     This work was designed to study the role of oxidative stress and some biochemical aspects in nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients. Thirty – one type 2 diabetic nephropathy and thirty type 2 diabetes
mellitus patients attending to the abd- Almajid private hospital between December 2015 to July 2016 were recruited for this study. For the purpose of comparison, twenty - eight healthy controls subjects matched for age were also included.Random blood sugar, serum urea, serum creatinine, glycosylated hemoglobin, serum complements 3 and 4, serum malondialdehyde, serum glutathione and serum catalase activity were measured in blood.Microalbumin, creatinine and  albumin / creatinine ratio were measured in urine. The results of the present study showed an in increase in random blood sugar in diabetic and diabetic nephropathy patients at the ages of 45-80 years. No change was observed in serum urea concentration in diabetic patients, whereas an increase was found in diabetic nephropathy patients at the ages of 45-80 years. The findings also showed no change in serum creatinine concentrations in diabetic patients at the ages of 45-80 years and in diabetic nephropathy patients at the age of 45-56 years. Serum creatinine concentrations increased significantly in diabetic nephropathy patients at the ages of 57-80 years. The percentages of glycosylated hemoglobin increased in diabetic and diabetic nephropathy patients at the ages of 45-80 years. No changes were recorded in serum complements 3 and 4 concentrations in diabetic and diabetic nephropathy patients of all age groups. No changes were observed in serum malondialdehyde concentrations in diabetic and diabetic nephropathy patients at the age of 45-68 years, whereas a decrease in serum malondialdehyde concentration was noticed in diabetic and diabetic nephropathy patients at the ages of 69-80 years. Serum glutathione concentrations showed nonsignificant changes in diabetic and diabetic nephropathy patients at the ages of 45-68 years. At the age of  69-80 years, serum glutathione concentration decreased in diabetic and diabetic nephropathy patients. An increase in serum catalase activity was demonstrated in diabetic and diabetic nephropathy patients at the ages of 45-80 years. No change was observed in urine microalbumin concentration in diabetic patients , while an increase was seen in diabetic nephropathy patients. Urine creatinine concentrations showed no change in diabetic and diabetic nephropathy patients, with the exception of diabetic patients at the age of 45-56 years which demonstrated a decrease, and diabetic nephropathy patients at the age of 69-80 years which showed an increase. Albumin / creatinine ratios increased in diabetic patients at the age of 45-56 years, and diabetic nephropathy patients at the age of 45-80 years. No change was observed in albumin / creatinine ratio in diabetic patients at the ages of 57-80 years.