Proteus mirabilis, a common cause of nosocomial and catheter associated urinary tract infection, colonize the bladder and ascends the ureters to the proximal tubules of kidneys, leading to the development of acute pyelonephritis (Angela et al., 2003). Adherence of P. mirabilis to uroepithelial tissue may be an important virulence determinant in these infections because most proteus strains adhere to desquamated uroepithelial cells (Susan et al., 1986). Also p. mirabilis adherence to the intestinal epithelium and mucus is associated with stimulation of the immune system and adhesion to the intestinal mucosa is also crucial for transient colonization (Angela et al., 2003). Proteus is one of the important medical genera which belong to the Enterobacteriaceae group, this group considered as one of the biggest family from the five groups of Bergy's key of classification 1994. Bacteria in this genus is gram negative rods, motile by peritrichous flagella, facultative anaerobic, non-spor forming, un capsulated, most isolates having fimberiae, its oder is very strong (Walker, 1999). Proteus mirabilis is capable of swarming, a form of multicellular behavior in which bacteria differentiate from the short rod typical of members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, termed the swimmer cell, into hyperflagellated elongated bacteria capable of rapid and coordinated population migration across surfaces, called the swarmer cell (Angela et al., 2003). No single technique is perfect for the diagnosis P. mirabilis; therefore a combination of different tests must be performed to obtained best results.
