احكام الصغير دراسة مقارنة بين القانون والشريعة

فقد جاءت الشريعة الاسلامية عامة وشاملة غايتها اخراج الناس من دواعي الهوى والشهوات الى دائرة الحق والانصاف.فالشارع الحكيم قد خص الانسان بمجمل الاحكام ابتداءً من انعقاد النطفة في رحم الانثى وحتى بلوغه سن الرشد كيف لا وقد ميز الله الانسان عن كل ما في الارض بل جعله خليفة فيها ومسيطرا على جميع عناصرها ، وقال تعالى: (وَإِذْ قَالَ رَبُّكَ لِلْمَلاَئِكَةِ إِنِّي جَاعِلٌ فِي الأَرْضِ خَلِيفَةً)،فخضع للانسان ما في الارض طوعا او كرها بتوجيه من الله سبحانه واستخلافه للانسان في عمارة الارض ، واقتضت الحكمة الالهية في خلق الانسان ان يمر بمراحل عدة منذ لحظة تكوينه في رحم امه ولحين خروجه وبلوغه سن الرشد. حيث يمر في انتقاله من العدم الى الوجود بمرحلة انتقالية فاصلة يبقى فيها هذا الكائن مستورا في رحم امه بانتظار لحظة خروجه الى معترك الحياة، ومنذ لحظة خروجه الى معترك الحياة ينتقل هذا الكائن بعدما كان جنينا في بطن امه من هذه المرحلة الى مرحلة اخرى يصبح صغيرا عديم التمييز حيث يتم تخصيصه باحكام شرعية وقانونية تختلف عن تلك الاحكام المخصصة للجنين وتبقى هذه الاحكام متباينة بحسب المراحل التي يمر بها الانسان حيث ينتقل بعد ذلك الى مرحلة التمييز ومن ثم البلوغ مع الرشد.   
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