Since 1990 till now,Iraq has suffered a catastrophic blockade ,the people have suffered from lack of medicine,spare parts and equipements,poor availability of food,and its high prices even if it is available.This study was carried out to determine the extent of the problem and to study the effect of the embargo on the nutritional status of children under five years of age in Baghdad city,and to compare finding of this study with those of previous studies,coducted before the economic sanction and during the sanction. The study was coducted during the period from mid july-mid Nov. 1994 in five primary health centers (P.H.C.) randomly selected in Bahgdad city, the nutritional status of 800 children of both sexes was assessed by using,first physical examination for signs indicative or suggestive of malnutrition, second by using anthropometric means,which include weight, height or length for children less than 2 years of age, head circumference chest circumference, mid-arm circumference,and triceps skinfold thickness,third haemoglobin determination was done to assess the degree of anaemia among the studied group. The result of physical examination showed that,the most common sign was muscle wasting 19.5%, 17.3% for males and 21.8% for females, there were also a considerable percentages of children with signs suggestive of vitamin deficienciesjike vitamin A,B,and D. The results also showed that stunting among the studied children was the most common type of malnutrition (15.8%),underweight was at a rate 13.4% among all children, while wasting was 3.8% among all children as compared to the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) reference population,in addition the results showed that head circumference, mid-arm circumference and triceps skinfold thickness were lower than thewestren standards. Anaemia was prevalent at a rate of 21% among all children being 18.5% in males and 23.4% in females.The highest rate was among children age 9-24 months. The study demonstrated a further deterioration in the nutritional status of children under the age of five years over the years of the embargo. The study also put forward few recommendations for the improvement of nutritional status of children under five years old .