Nephrocalcinosis is a state of deposition of calcium in the form of phosphate or oxalate within the renal tissue, which may lead to impairment of the renal function. These crystals may aggregate to provide a nidus for the formation of renal stone (Nephrolithiasis). This study was performed to explore the nephroprotective effect of some drugs [Hydrochlorothiazide, Rowatinex, and Senna] in addition to some medicinal plants [Adiantum capillus-veneris (Maidenhair) and Alhagi graecorum Boiss (Manna tree)], and there effect in attenuation or prevention of nephrocalcinosis induced by a large dose of oxalic acid in rabbit which is the experimental model of this study. Forty two local domestic rabbits were used in the present study; they
were allocated to six groups. One group was used as control. The oxalic acid in a dose of 333 mg /kg
orally was given to induce nephrocalcinosis. Other groups were treated two hours before induction of nephrocalcinosis by using one of the above mentioned agents for each group. Nephrocalcinosis was assessed by estimating blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, potassium, and calcium, also both urine calcium and sodium on three occasions: 1st day before induction, 3rd and 5th day after induction. These results were compared with that of the control group to determine how much the nephroprotective effect of the tested agents. Also the histopathological examination of the animals kidney in the last day of the study to detect the improvement in the treated groups either in attenuation or prevention of nephrocalcinosis in comparison with the control group. Animals pretreated with Hydrochlorothiazide (25 mg/kg/day) orally and continued on the same dose for 5 successive days after induction, had a highly significant reduction (p≤0.001) in the levels of BUN, serum creatinine, potassium, and urine calcium. In addition to a highly significant elevation (p ≤ 0.001) in the levels of serum calcium and urine sodium due to the diuretic effect of Hydrochlorothiazide, also the histopathological examination showed a well improvement in comparison with the control group. Pretreatment with Rowatinex (0.1ml/kg/day) orally and continued on
the same dose for 5 successive days after induction, caused a highly significant reduction (p≤0.001) in the levels of BUN, serum creatinine, and potassium. In addition to a highly significant elevation (p≤0.001) in
the levels of serum calcium and both urine sodium and calcium, due to the diuretic effect of Rowatinex. Also the histopathological examination which showed a noticed improvement in comparison with the control
group. Pretreatment with Senna (13.5mg/kg/day) given orally and continued on the same dose for 5 successive days after induction, also showed a highly significant reduction (p≤0.001) in the levels of BUN, serum creatinine, potassium, with a significant reduction (0.001