A total of fifty women, aged between (16 − 42) years, were involved in this study . Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay test used for the detection of specific IgM and immunohistochemistry method used for the detection of antigen in trophoplastic tissue were used as diagnostic methods for T.gondii for all the samples to classify them into three groups.•Group A- patients with spontaneous miscarriage and Toxoplasma gondii positive : n= 20 women, with a mean age of (23.8± 1.631).•Group B- patients with spontaneous miscarriage and Toxoplasma gondii negative: n= 20 women, with a mean age of (25.5± 1.60).
•Group C- Control group (women with induced abortion for medical causes): n=10 women, with a mean age of (26.4± 1.628). From each patient and control, blood as well as trophoplastic tissue were collected.
Venous blood was collected from all patients for the detection of specific anti-Toxoplasma IgM in the serum using the Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay test. At the same time, trophoblastic tissue during curettage was collected for immunohistochemical analysis for the detection of Toxoplasma gondii antigen and evaluation of IL-10, IL-2, IL-8 proteins and in-situ hybridization method used for detection of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor mRNA.The frequency of the number of miscarriages was studied. It was found that within the group(A) the highest percent of patients was among those who had no previous miscarriages( 60%)and to a lesser percent that had a previous two miscarriage(10%). Within group(B), it was found that the highest percent of patients was among those who had no previous miscarriages(45%) and to lesser percent that had a previous three and four miscarriage(5%), while the entire ten control group had no previous miscarriage. The frequency of gestational weeks when miscarriage had occurred was studied. The highest frequency within group(A) was 12 gestational weeks, then 8 and 10gestational weeks, while the frequency of gestational weeks was between 10-12 gestational weeks within group(B). The highest percent of IL-2(65.25±1.599)% was within group(A) then lower than this(63.50±2.335)% was within group (B) and the lowest percent (11.60±1.522)% was within the control group. While the highest percent of IL-10 (70.60±2.272)% was within the induced abortion group, then the lowest was found within (A) and (B) group(20.80±1.268)%and(22.25±1.859)% respectively , These results highlighted the possible protective role of IL-10, as marker for Th2 immune response, during successful pregnancies, and that IL-2 is a potent Th1 immune response marker that increased in expression in cases of spontaneous miscarriage and the role Th1 response in termination of pregnancy.The highest percent of IL-8 (55.80±3.427)% was within group (A) then lower than this(43.65±3.224)% was within group (B) and the lowest percent(14.40±1.327)% was within the control group, these results may further support the possible existing of an inflammatory immune response that orchestrates abortive phenomena. In the current study regarding Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor mRNA expression in the trophoplastic tissue, the highest percent of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor mRNA expression (65.30±3.587)% was within the induced abortion group, while the lowest expression was within (A) and (B) group(35.45±2.184)% and (37.65±2.964)% respectively, these results indicate that VEGF family of proteins are essential factors in the process of blood vessel formation in the successful pregnancy, and its low level in miscarriage groups indicate its role in the etiology of miscarriage.