Breast cancer is the commonest cancer affecting women worldwide. Different studies have dealt with the etiological factors of that cancer aiming to find a way for early diagnosis and satisfactory therapy. The present study investigated the relationship between genetic polymorphisms of BRCA1 & BRCA2 genes and evaluation of some etiological risk factors among breast cancer patients in Iraq. This investigation was carried out on 25 patients (all were females) who were confirmatory for breast cancer by histopathological examinations attended from AL-Kadhemya Teaching Hospital in Baghdad and 10 of apparently healthy women were used as a control. All women (patients and control) their age above 40 years. Ages, fimaily history, blood group, age at menarche and hormonal factor (estrogen) were taken into account as risk factors. Blood samples were collected from 10 breast cancer women and 10 control women for determination lipid profile and estrogen level. Results have showed a significant increase in estrogen levels in (70%) of patients which may reflect a positive association between estrogen and breast cancer, while lipid profiles {Triglyceride (TG), Total cholesterol (TC) and High density lipid (HDL)} showed no significant association with breast cancer. The Wizard Promega kit was used for DNA isolation from fresh biopsy of women with breast cancer patients and normal individuals. By this method a suitable quantities of DNA approximately (50 μl) were obtained from 100 μg -200 μg of fresh biopsy taken from women breast. The purity of isolated DNA ranged from (1.7–1.9). The extracted DNA was successfully used in amplification of BRCA1 & BRCA2 genes by PCR and some mutation were detected. The outcome of genetic analysis indicated that the percentage of 185delAG mutation was 16 (4 patients) whereas, the percentage of 5382insC mutation was 32 (8patients) in BRCA1 gene and the third mutation 6174delT in BRCA2 present in 3 patients only (12%). The study demonstrated that the frequency of BRCA1 mutation was (48%) higher than BRCA2 (12%) in this sample of Iraqi women with breast cancer.