The objective of the present study was to assess the level of steroidal hormones in serum and saliva of females, as well as correlation between serum and salivary steroidal hormones including progesterone, estradiol, and cortisol were assessed. Ninety females were involved in the present study. The age of females was ranged (16-55) with mean age 35.5±1.8 years. These females were attending the Institute of Embryo Research and Infertility Treatment, Al-Nahrian University and Al-Kadhmiya Teaching Hospital-Ministry of Health, during the period from December 2006 to July 2007. Females were classified into four groups according to age, type of infertility, fertility status and marital status. Evaluation of steroidal hormones included progesterone, estradiol, and cortisol in serum and saliva for each female was done using radioimmunoassay technique for all groups of females.Results of the present study showed that the level of serum and salivary progesterone and cortisol were positively synchronized as elevation and vice versa, while the results for salivary estradiol were not reproducible or sensitive. Results appeared that the classification of females according to age groups there was significant (P<0.05) differences in the level of steroidal hormones for serum and saliva among different age groups. When females were classified according to type of infertility, results showed that there was a significant (P<0.05) reduction in the mean levels of salivary steroidal hormones as compared to serum levels for both primary (1º) and secondary (2º) infertility.While the results for females classified according to marital and fertility status, there was a significant (P<0.05) differences in the level of steroidal hormones between serum and saliva for single and married females, and also for fertile and infertile females. However, results showed a non significant (P>0.05) differences in the level of serum and salivary steroidal hormones between single and married females, and also for serum steroidal hormones between fertile and infertile females. While there was a significant (P<0.05) differences in the levels of serum estradiol and cortisol between fertile and infertile females, non significant (P>0.05) difference for salivary estradiol and cortisol between fertile and infertile females, there was a non significant (P>0.05) differences of serum and salivary progesterone were observed between fertile and infertile females.
